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May is Skin Cancer Awareness Month, a time to highlight the importance of protecting your skin and recognizing early signs of skin cancer. As a dermatology nurse practitioner, Carol Chandler, APRN-BC, sees firsthand how preventable skin cancer can be with the right habits and education. Small, consistent steps can make a meaningful difference in protecting skin over time. We sat down with Carol to answer some of the most common questions she receives about sun safety and skin health.

Q: Do people really need sunscreen every day, even in cloudy or cooler weather?

A: Yes, absolutely. Ultraviolet radiation is present year-round, and even on cloudy days, up to 80 percent of UV rays can still reach your skin. I always remind my patients that daily sunscreen use is not just for sunny beach days. It is an important step in reducing cumulative sun exposure, which plays a major role in both skin cancer risk and premature aging.

Q: What SPF should people use, and how often should it be reapplied?

A: I recommend choosing a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. If you are spending time outdoors, it is important to reapply every two hours, or more often if you are swimming or sweating. One of the most common issues I see is people simply not applying enough, so being generous with application really matters.

Q: Is sunscreen safe for kids and babies?

A: Sun protection is important at every age, but the approach can vary. For infants under 6 months, I advise focusing on shade and protective clothing, with minimal sunscreen on small, exposed areas if needed. For older infants and children, a broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher is recommended. Mineral-based sunscreens are often a great option, especially for sensitive skin.

Q: What are the best ways to protect your skin besides sunscreen?

A: Sunscreen is just one part of the picture. I encourage a layered approach. Wear wide-brimmed hats, UV-protective clothing, and sunglasses, and try to seek shade whenever possible, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the sun’s rays are strongest. Combining these strategies offers the best protection.

Q: Are tanning beds or “base tans” ever safe?

A: No, there is really no safe way to tan. A tan is actually a sign of skin damage. Tanning beds, in particular, significantly increase the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma, and I strongly advise avoiding them altogether.

Q: Can people with darker skin tones still get skin cancer?

A: Yes, they can. While the risk may be lower, skin cancer does occur in people with darker skin tones and is often diagnosed at a later stage. That is why I stress the importance of sun protection and skin awareness for everyone, regardless of skin tone.

Q: What are some early warning signs people should not ignore?

A: I encourage patients to watch for new or changing spots on their skin. The ABCDE rule is a helpful guide, including Asymmetry, irregular Borders, uneven Color, Diameter larger than 6 millimeters, and any Evolution or change over time. If something looks different or is changing, it is always worth having it checked.

Q: How often should someone check their skin or see a provider?

A: Monthly self-checks are a great habit because they help you become familiar with your skin so you can notice changes early. I also recommend a professional skin exam at least once a year, or more often if you have higher risk factors such as a personal or family history of skin cancer.

Q: What are common mistakes people make with sun protection?

A: The biggest gaps I see are inconsistency and forgetting to reapply sunscreen. People also tend to miss commonly exposed areas such as the ears, neck, and tops of the feet. Another common issue is underestimating how much incidental sun exposure adds up over time.

Q: If you could give one piece of advice to help prevent skin cancer, what would it be?

A: Make sun protection part of your daily routine. When it becomes a habit, like brushing your teeth, it is much easier to stay consistent and protect your skin long-term.

Protecting your skin does not have to be complicated, but it does require consistency. Building simple sun-safe habits into your daily routine and staying aware of changes in your skin can significantly reduce the risk of skin cancer. For those due for a skin check or with concerns about a new or changing spot, TriState Dermatology is now welcoming new patients and offers comprehensive care focused on prevention, early detection, and personalized treatment.