Overview: Autoimmune Disorders
From time to time, physicians have recognized situations in which
diseases occur together more often than chance alone would allow.
In 1926, M. B. Schmidt, a physician in Germany, described two patients
in whom both the adrenal and thyroid glands had failed. Since then,
more than 125 patients with both disorders have been described,
enough to make us realize that something more than an "accident
of nature" makes this rare combination happen.
In several places on this website we have commented on the relationship
between Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease, which tend to occur
in the same families, sometimes in the same patients, and which
seem to be different presentations of a single disease process.
There are other conditions that tend to occur in patients with
Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease and in their relatives as
well. Some, like the prominent eyes of Graves' disease known as
exophthalmos, have been well-studied and their relationship to thyroid
problems carefully examined. Others, such as some of the associated
skin disorders, are less well understood in regard to their relationship
to the thyroid.
These articles are not about those bodily changes that occur due
to high or low thyroid hormone levels. High hormone levels, for
example, can raise your upper eyelids, make your skin soft and smooth,
and cause your hair to become fine and delicate. The high hormone
levels do not, however, cause your eyes to protrude, make the white
patches of vitiligo appear on your skin, or produce the patchy baldness
we call alopecia areata.
The latter problems are diseases in their own right. These are
not, in general, serious problems about which thyroid patients should
be concerned. Many, like alopecia areata, are not helped
much by treatment, and tend to go away after a period of time. Others,
like pernicious anemia or vitiligo, can be cured or controlled by
appropriate treatment. Some, like Addison's disease, are so uncommon
that even thyroid specialists rarely see a patient with this condition.
Nevertheless, we believe there should be a place on this website
to which patients with Graves' disease or Hashimoto's disease can
refer if they discover that they or one of their relatives has one
of these problems.
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